用于异质用户出行管理的可交易许可证研究

针对公共交通与私家车出行方式并行的双模式交通系统,在考虑不同用户的时间价值情况下,通过引进可交易的道路许可证政策,建立了均衡出行交通模型.研究发现,许可证政策将拥挤产生的交通成本内部化,在缓解交通拥堵的同时,通过经济手段,降低了系统总成本.进一步地,本文证明如果汽车比公交快,那么时间价值较高的人会选择私家车出行;反之,如果公交比汽车快,时间价值相对较高的有车族会选择公交出行.通过与OD收费进行比较,我们得到在收费为正的情况下,许可证政策可以得到与基于OD收费相同的效果.最后,算例结果表明,许可证政策使得部分人选择公交出行的成本更低,达到鼓励公交出行的目的;甚至在许可证发放数量少于临界数量的情况下,选择公交出行的人会获得正收益.     

A structural interpretation of measurement and some related epistemological issues

Measurement is widely applied because its results are assumed to be more reliable than opinions and guesses, but this reliability is sometimes justified in a stereotyped way. After a critical analysis of such stereotypes, a structural characterization of measurement is proposed, as partly empirical and partly theoretical process, by showing that it is in fact the structure of the process that guarantees the reliability of its results. On this basis the role and the structure of background knowledge in measurement and the justification of the conditions of object-relatedness (“objectivity”) and subject-independence (“intersubjectivity”) of measurement are specifically discussed.     

A Comparison of the Forecasting Ability of Immediate Price Impact Models

As a consequence of recent technological advances and the proliferation of algorithmic and high‐frequency trading, the cost of trading in financial markets has irrevocably changed. One important change, known as price impact, relates to how trading affects prices. Price impact represents the largest cost associated with trading. Forecasting price impact is very important as it can provide estimates of trading profits after costs and also suggest optimal execution strategies. Although several models have recently been developed which may forecast the immediate price impact of individual trades, limited work has been done to compare their relative performance. We provide a comprehensive performance evaluation of these models and test for statistically significant outperformance amongst candidate models using out‐of‐sample forecasts. We find that normalizing price impact by its average value significantly enhances the performance of traditional non‐normalized models as the normalization factor captures some of the dynamics of price impact. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

完全模糊线性规划及其近似计算

在扩充LR-模糊数定义的基础上,讨论了完全模糊约束条件的近似表示和转化定理;在新的模糊数序关系下,将完全模糊线性规划问题直接转化为分明的线性规划进行求解;与已有的结果进行了比较,并给出了算例.     

新变革下大学生阅读和学习信念重建的思考

阐述了新媒介环境下阅读发生的新变革及大学生阅读现状,分析了阅读与大学生学习信念的关系,从加强大学生自身建设、保持对学习的激情、积极创建有学习信念氛围的校园文化等方面,提出了重建大学生学习信念的策略.     

建立高校体育教学质量评价标准体系的问题及构想

能否在规定时间内完成教学目标以及达成教学目标的效率,是体育教学质量水平的直接体现,也是学生学习效果的反映。对于高校体育教学来说,需要一套标准的评价体系来评价体育教学质量的高低。但是由于在同一年级或同一学段的教学内容不统一,教学内容的难度也不相同,导致大部分高校都尚未针对体育教学建立标准的评价体系,很难客观、科学地开展体育教学质量评价工作,影响了高校体育教学的正常发展。就高校体育教学质量评价标准体系的建立及解决问题的方法展开探讨。     

Carnap on unified science

Unified science is a recurring theme in Carnap's work from the time of the Aufbau until the end of the 1930's. The theme is not constant, but knows several variations. I shall extract three quite precise formulations of the thesis of unified science from Carnap's work during this period: from the Aufbau, from Carnap's so-called syntactic period, and from Testability and Meaning and related papers. My main objective is to explain these formulations and to discuss their relation, both to each other and to other aspects of Carnap's work.     

马克思关于科学技术本质的认识及其当代价值

以历史唯物主义的基本原则——社会历史性原则来考察科学技术的本质,是马克思主义科技哲学的基本内涵。马克思在工业革命背景中认识到科学技术是生产力,是“最高意义上的革命力量”,同时以辩证的视角和历史的维度,揭示了资本主义社会的逐利特质使得科技异化在所难免。当代中国的创新驱动发展战略,正是中国共产党几代领导集体在继承和发展马克思关于科学技术本质的认识基础上形成的现代科技发展观。     

T BM 在吉林中部城市引松供水施工中的应用

以敞开式TBM 为主介绍了常见的TBM类型及发展现状，结合吉林中部城市引松供水项目论述了不良地质因素，如软弱围岩变形、隧洞突涌水、岩爆、塌方对敞开式 TBM 掘进的影响，重点论述了针对不同因素采取的处理措施和操作方法。     

粗砂地层局部软弱地基换填处理的工程应用

通过对河道一级阶地粗砂层局部软弱地基进行换填处理的工程实例的分析,总结了换填处理对该地层的经济实用性,拓宽了换填处理及天然地基的应用范围,克服了该类场地桩基施工的难点,节省了工期和造价.同时积累了级配砂石换填处理的施工经验.